Kaalidaasa - Translations of Shakuntala and Other Works

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XLV

Oh, might the long, long night seem short to me!
Oh, might the day his hourly tortures hide!
Such longings for the things that cannot be,
Consume my helpless heart, sweet-glancing bride,
In burning agonies of absence from thy side.

XLVI

_The bride is besought not to lose heart at
hearing of her lover's wretchedness_,

Yet much reflection, dearest, makes me strong,
Strong with an inner strength; nor shouldst thou feel
Despair at what has come to us of wrong;
Who has unending woe or lasting weal?
Our fates move up and down upon a circling wheel.

XLVII

_and to remember that the curse has its
appointed end, when the rainy season is
over and the year of exile fulfilled. Vishnu
spends the rainy months in sleep upon the
back of the cosmic serpent Shesha_.

When Vishnu rises from his serpent bed
The curse is ended; close thine eyelids tight
And wait till only four months more are sped;
Then we shall taste each long-desired delight
Through nights that the full autumn moon illumines bright.

XLVIII

_Then is added a secret which, as it could not
possibly be known to a third person,
assures her that the cloud is a true
messenger_.

And one thing more: thou layest once asleep,
Clasping my neck, then wakening with a scream;
And when I wondered why, thou couldst but weep
A while, and then a smile began to beam:
"Rogue! Rogue! I saw thee with another girl in dream."

XLIX

This memory shows me cheerful, gentle wife;
Then let no gossip thy suspicions move:
They say the affections strangely forfeit life
In separation, but in truth they prove
Toward the absent dear, a growing bulk of tenderest love.'"

L

_The Yaksha then begs the cloud to return
with a message of comfort_.

Console her patient heart, to breaking full
In our first separation; having spoken,
Fly from the mountain ploughed by Shiva's bull;
Make strong with message and with tender token
My life, so easily, like morning jasmines, broken.

LI

I hope, sweet friend, thou grantest all my suit,
Nor read refusal in thy solemn air;
When thirsty birds complain, thou givest mute
The rain from heaven: such simple hearts are rare,
Whose only answer is fulfilment of the prayer.

LII

_and dismisses him, with a prayer for his
welfare_.

Thus, though I pray unworthy, answer me
For friendship's sake, or pity's, magnified
By the sight of my distress; then wander free
In rainy loveliness, and ne'er abide
One moment's separation from thy lightning bride.

* * * * *

THE SEASONS

_The Seasons_ is an unpretentious poem, describing in six short cantos
the six seasons into which the Hindus divide the year. The title is
perhaps a little misleading, as the description is not objective, but
deals with the feelings awakened by each season in a pair of young
lovers. Indeed, the poem might be called a Lover's Calendar.
Kalidasa's authorship has been doubted, without very cogent argument.
The question is not of much interest, as _The Seasons_ would neither
add greatly to his reputation nor subtract from it.

The whole poem contains one hundred and forty-four stanzas, or
something less than six hundred lines of verse. There follow a few
stanzas selected from each canto.

SUMMER

Pitiless heat from heaven pours
By day, but nights are cool;
Continual bathing gently lowers
The water in the pool;
The evening brings a charming peace:
For summer-time is here
When love that never knows surcease,
Is less imperious, dear.

Yet love can never fall asleep;
For he is waked to-day
By songs that all their sweetness keep
And lutes that softly play,
By fans with sandal-water wet
That bring us drowsy rest,
By strings of pearls that gently fret
Full many a lovely breast.

The sunbeams like the fires are hot
That on the altar wake;
The enmity is quite forgot
Of peacock and of snake;
The peacock spares his ancient foe,
For pluck and hunger fail;
He hides his burning head below
The shadow of his tail.

Beneath the garland of the rays
That leave no corner cool,
The water vanishes in haze
And leaves a muddy pool;
The cobra does not hunt for food
Nor heed the frog at all
Who finds beneath the serpent's hood
A sheltering parasol.

Dear maiden of the graceful song,
To you may summer's power
Bring moonbeams clear and garlands long
And breath of trumpet-flower,
Bring lakes that countless lilies dot,
Refreshing water-sprays,
Sweet friends at evening, and a spot
Cool after burning days.

THE RAINS

The rain advances like a king
In awful majesty;
Hear, dearest, how his thunders ring
Like royal drums, and see
His lightning-banners wave; a cloud
For elephant he rides,
And finds his welcome from the crowd
Of lovers and of brides.

The clouds, a mighty army, march
With drumlike thundering
And stretch upon the rainbow's arch
The lightning's flashing string;
The cruel arrows of the rain
Smite them who love, apart
From whom they love, with stinging pain,
And pierce them to the heart.

The forest seems to show its glee
In flowering nipa plants;
In waving twigs of many a tree
Wind-swept, it seems to dance;
Its ketak-blossom's opening sheath
Is like a smile put on
To greet the rain's reviving breath,
Now pain and heat are gone.

To you, dear, may the cloudy time
Bring all that you desire,
Bring every pleasure, perfect, prime,
To set a bride on fire;
May rain whereby life wakes and shines
Where there is power of life,
The unchanging friend of clinging vines,
Shower blessings on my wife.

AUTUMN

The autumn comes, a maiden fair
In slenderness and grace,
With nodding rice-stems in her hair
And lilies in her face.
In flowers of grasses she is clad;
And as she moves along,
Birds greet her with their cooing glad
Like bracelets' tinkling song.

A diadem adorns the night
Of multitudinous stars;
Her silken robe is white moonlight,
Set free from cloudy bars;
And on her face (the radiant moon)
Bewitching smiles are shown:
She seems a slender maid, who soon
Will be a woman grown.

Over the rice-fields, laden plants
Are shivering to the breeze;
While in his brisk caresses dance
The blossom-burdened trees;
He ruffles every lily-pond
Where blossoms kiss and part,
And stirs with lover's fancies fond
The young man's eager heart.

WINTER

The bloom of tenderer flowers is past
And lilies droop forlorn,
For winter-time is come at last,
Rich with its ripened corn;
Yet for the wealth of blossoms lost
Some hardier flowers appear
That bid defiance to the frost
Of sterner days, my dear.

The vines, remembering summer, shiver
In frosty winds, and gain
A fuller life from mere endeavour
To live through all that pain;
Yet in the struggle and acquist
They turn as pale and wan
As lonely women who have missed
Known love, now lost and gone.

Then may these winter days show forth
To you each known delight,
Bring all that women count as worth
Pure happiness and bright;
While villages, with bustling cry,
Bring home the ripened corn,
And herons wheel through wintry sky,
Forget sad thoughts forlorn.

EARLY SPRING

Now, dearest, lend a heedful ear
And listen while I sing
Delights to every maiden dear,
The charms of early spring:
When earth is dotted with the heaps
Of corn, when heron-scream
Is rare but sweet, when passion leaps
And paints a livelier dream.

When all must cheerfully applaud
A blazing open fire;
Or if they needs must go abroad,
The sun is their desire;
When everybody hopes to find
The frosty chill allayed
By garments warm, a window-blind
Shut, and a sweet young maid.

Then may the days of early spring
For you be rich and full
With love's proud, soft philandering
And many a candy-pull,
With sweetest rice and sugar-cane:
And may you float above
The absent grieving and the pain
Of separated love.

SPRING

A stalwart soldier comes, the spring,
Who bears the bow of Love;
And on that bow, the lustrous string
Is made of bees, that move
With malice as they speed the shaft
Of blossoming mango-flower
At us, dear, who have never laughed
At love, nor scorned his power.

Their blossom-burden weights the trees;
The winds in fragrance move;
The lakes are bright with lotuses,
The women bright with love;
The days are soft, the evenings clear
And charming; everything
That moves and lives and blossoms, dear,
Is sweeter in the spring.

The groves are beautifully bright
For many and many a mile
With jasmine-flowers that are as white
As loving woman's smile:
The resolution of a saint
Might well be tried by this;
Far more, young hearts that fancies paint
With dreams of loving bliss.

* * * * *

EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY

By Ernest Rhys

MADE AT THE TEMPLE

PRESS LETCHWORTH IN GREAT BRITAIN

Victor Hugo said a Library was "an act of faith," and some unknown
essayist spoke of one so beautiful, so perfect, so harmonious in all
its parts, that he who made it was smitten with a passion. In that
faith the promoters of Everyman's Library planned it out originally on
a large scale; and their idea in so doing was to make it conform as
far as possible to a perfect scheme. However, perfection is a thing to
be aimed at and not to be achieved in this difficult world; and since
the first volumes appeared, now several years ago, there have been
many interruptions. A great war has come and gone; and even the City
of Books has felt something like a world commotion. Only in recent
years is the series getting back into its old stride and looking
forward to complete its original scheme of a Thousand Volumes. One of
the practical expedients in that original plan was to divide the
volumes into sections, as Biography, Fiction, History, Belles Lettres,
Poetry, Romance, and so forth; with a compartment for young people,
and last, and not least, one of Reference Books. Beside the
dictionaries and encyclopaedias to be expected in that section, there
was a special set of literary and historical atlases. One of these
atlases dealing with Europe, we may recall, was directly affected by
the disturbance of frontiers during the war; and the maps had to be
completely revised in consequence, so as to chart the New Europe which
we hope will now preserve its peace under the auspices of the League
of Nations set up at Geneva. That is only one small item, however, in
a library list which runs already to the final centuries of the
Thousand. The largest slice of this huge provision is, as a matter of
course, given to the tyrannous demands of fiction. But in carrying out
the scheme, publishers and editors contrived to keep in mind that
books, like men and women, have their elective affinities. The present
volume, for instance, will be found to have its companion books, both
in the same section and even more significantly in other sections.
With that idea too, novels like Walter Scott's _Ivanhoe_ and _Fortunes
of Nigel_, Lytton's _Harold_ and Dickens's _Tale of Two Cities_, have
been used as pioneers of history and treated as a sort of holiday
history books. For in our day history is tending to grow more
documentary and less literary; and "the historian who is a stylist,"
as one of our contributors, the late Thomas Seccombe, said, "will soon
be regarded as a kind of Phoenix." But in this special department of
Everyman's Library we have been eclectic enough to choose our history
men from every school in turn. We have Grote, Gibbon, Finlay,
Macaulay, Motley, Frescott. We have among earlier books the Venerable
Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, have completed a Livy in an
admirable new translation by Canon Roberts, while Caesar, Tacitus,
Thucydides and Herodotus are not forgotten. "You only, O Books," said
Richard de Bury, "are liberal and independent; you give to all who
ask." The delightful variety, the wisdom and the wit which are at the
disposal of Everyman in his own library may well, at times, seem to
him a little embarrassing. He may turn to Dick Steele in _The
Spectator_ and learn how Cleomira dances, when the elegance of her
motion is unimaginable and "her eyes are chastised with the simplicity
and innocence of her thoughts." He may turn to Plato's Phaedrus and
read how every soul is divided into three parts (like Caesar's Gaul).
He may turn to the finest critic of Victorian times, Matthew Arnold,
and find in his essay on Maurice de Guerin the perfect key to what is
there called the "magical power of poetry." It is Shakespeare, with
his

"daffodils That come before the swallow dares, and take
The winds of March with beauty;"

it is Wordsworth, with his

"voice ... heard
In spring-time from the cuckoo-bird,
Breaking the silence of the seas
Among the farthest Hebrides;"

or Keats, with his

".... moving waters at their priest-like task
Of cold ablution round Earth's human shores."

William Hazlitt's "Table Talk," among the volumes of Essays, may help
to show the relationship of one author to another, which is another
form of the Friendship of Books. His incomparable essay in that
volume, "On Going a Journey," forms a capital prelude to Coleridge's
"Biographia Literaria" and to his and Wordsworth's poems. In the same
way one may turn to the review of Moore's Life of Byron in Macaulay's
_Essays_ as a prelude to the three volumes of Byron's own poems,
remembering that the poet whom Europe loved more than England did was
as Macaulay said: "the beginning, the middle and the end of all his
own poetry." This brings us to the provoking reflection that it is the
obvious authors and the books most easy to reprint which have been the
signal successes out of the many hundreds in the series, for Everyman
is distinctly proverbial in his tastes. He likes best of all an old
author who has worn well or a comparatively new author who has gained
something like newspaper notoriety. In attempting to lead him on from
the good books that are known to those that are less known, the
publishers may have at times been too adventurous. The late _Chief_
himself was much more than an ordinary book-producer in this critical
enterprise. He threw himself into it with the zeal of a book-lover and
indeed of one who, like Milton, thought that books might be as alive
and productive as dragons' teeth, which, being "sown up and down the
land, might chance to spring up armed men." Mr. Pepys in his _Diary_
writes about some of his books, "which are come home gilt on the
backs, very handsome to the eye." The pleasure he took in them is that
which Everyman may take in the gilt backs of his favourite books in
his own Library, which after all he has helped to make good and
lasting.

* * * * *

Abbott's Rollo at Work, etc., 275

Addison's Spectator, 164-167

AEschylus' Lyrical Dramas, 62

AEsop's and Other Fables, 657

Aimard's The Indian Scout, 428

Ainsworth's Tower of London, 400
" Old St. Paul's, 522
" Windsor Castle, 709
" The Admirable Crichton, 804

A'Kempis' Imitation of Christ, 484

Alcott's Little Women, and Good Wives, 248
" Little Men, 512

Alpine Club. Peaks, Passes and Glaciers, 778

Andersen's Fairy Tales, 4

Anglo-Saxon Poetry, 794

Anson's Voyages, 510

Aristophanes' The Acharnians, etc., 344
" The Frogs, etc., 516

Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, 547
" Politics, 605

Arnold's (Matthew) Essays, 115
" Poems, 334
" Study of Celtic Literature, etc., 458

Augustine's (Saint) Confessions, 200

Aurelius' (Marcus) Golden Book, 9

Austen's (Jane) Sense and Sensibility, 21
" Pride and Prejudice, 22
" Mansfield Park, 23
" Emma, 24
" Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion, 25

Bacon's Essays, 10
" Advancement of Learning, 719

Bagehot's Literary Studies, 520, 521

Baker's (Sir S.W.) Cast up by the Sea, 539

Ballantyne's Coral Island, 245
" Martin Rattler, 246
" Ungava, 276

Balzac's Wild Ass's Skin, 26
" Eugenie Grandet, 169
" Old Goriot, 170
" Atheist's Mass, etc., 229
" Christ in Flanders, etc., 284
" The Chouans, 285
" Quest of the Absolute, 286
" Cat and Racket, etc., 349
" Catherine de Medici, 419
" Cousin Pons, 463
" The Country Doctor, 530
" Rise and Fall of Cesar Birotteau, 596
" Lost Illusions, 656
" The Country Parson, 686
" Ursule Mirouet, 733

Barbusse's Under Fire, 798

Barca's (Mme. C. de la) Life in Mexico, 664

Bates' Naturalist on the Amazons, 446

Beaumont and Fletcher's Select Plays, 506

Beaumont's (Mary) Joan Seaton, 597

Bede's Ecclesiastical History, etc., 479

Belt's The Naturalist in Nicaragua, 561

Berkeley's (Bishop) Principles of Human Knowledge, New Theory of
Vision, etc., 483

Berlioz (Hector), Life of, 602

Binns' Life of Abraham Lincoln, 783

Bjoernson's Plays, 625, 696

Blackmore's Lorna Doone, 304
" Springhaven, 350

Blackwell's Pioneer Work for Women, 667

Blake's Poems and Prophecies, 792

Boehme's The Signature of All Things, etc., 569

Bonaventura's The Little Flowers,
The Life of St. Francis, etc., 485

Borrow's Wild Wales, 49
" Lavengro, 119
" Romany Rye, 120
" Bible in Spain, 151
" Gypsies in Spain, 697

Boswell's Life of Johnson, 1, 2
" Tour in the Hebrides, etc., 387

Boult's Asgard and Norse Heroes, 689

Boyle's The Sceptical Chymist, 559

Bright's (John) Speeches, 252

Bronte's (A.) The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, 685

Bronte's (C.) Jane Eyre, 287
" Shirley, 288
" Villette, 351
" The Professor, 417

Bronte's (E.) Wuthering Heights, 243

Brooke's (Stopford A.) Theology in the English Poets, 493

Brown's (Dr. John) Rab and His Friends, etc., 116

Browne's (Frances) Grannie's Wonderful Chair, 112

Browne's (Sir Thos.) Religio Medici, etc., 92

Browning's Poems, 1833-1844, 41
" " 1844-1864, 42
" The Ring and the Book, 502

Buchanan's Life and Adventures of Audubon, 601

Bulfinch's The Age of Fable, 472
" Legends of Charlemagne, 556

Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, 204

Burke's American Speeches and Letters, 340
" Reflections on the French Revolution, etc., 460

Burnet's History of His Own Times, 85

Burney's Evelina, 352

Burns' Poems and Songs, 94

Burrell's Volume of Heroic Verse, 574

Burton's East Africa, 500

Butler's Analogy of Religion, 90

Buxton's Memoirs, 773

Byron's Complete Poetical and Dramatic Works, 486-488

Caesar's Gallic War, etc., 702

Canton's Child's Book of Saints, 61
" Invisible Playmate, etc., 566

Carlyle's French Revolution, 31, 32
" Letters, etc., of Cromwell, 266-268
" Sartor Resartus, 278
" Past and Present, 608
" Essays, 703, 704

Cellini's Autobiography, 51

Cervantes' Don Quixote, 385, 386

Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, 307

Chretien de Troyes' Eric and Enid, 698

Cibber's Apology for his Life, 668

Cicero's Select Letters and Orations, 345

Clarke's Tales from Chaucer, 537
" Shakespeare's Heroines, 109-111

Cobbett's Rural Rides, 638, 639

Coleridge's Biographia, 11
" Golden Book, 43
" Lectures on Shakespeare, 162

Collins' Woman in White, 464

Collodi's Pinocchio, 538

Converse's Long Will, 328

Cook's Voyages, 99

Cooper's The Deerslayer, 77
" The Pathfinder, 78
" Last of the Mohicans, 79
" The Pioneer, 171
" The Prairie, 172

Cousin's Biographical Dictionary of English Literature, 449

Cowper's Letters, 774

Cox's Tales of Ancient Greece, 721

Craik's Manual of English Literature, 346

Craik (Mrs.). _See_ Mulock.

Creasy's Fifteen Decisive Battles, 300

Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer, 640

Curtis's Prue and I, and Lotus, 418

Dana's Two Years Before the Mast, 588

Dante's Divine Comedy, 308

Darwin's Voyage of the Beagle, 104

Dasent's The Story of Burnt Njal, 558

Daudet's Tartarin of Tarascon, 423

Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, 59
" Captain Singleton, 74
" Memoirs of a Cavalier, 283
" Journal of Plague, 289

De Joinville's Memoirs of the Crusades, 333

Demosthenes' Select Orations, 546

Dennis' Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, 183, 184

De Quincey's Lake Poets, 163
" Opium-Eater, 223
" English Mail Coach, etc., 609

De Retz (Cardinal), Memoirs of, 735, 736

Descartes' Discourse on Method, 570

Dickens' Barnaby Rudge, 76
" Tale of Two Cities, 102
" Old Curiosity Shop, 173
" Oliver Twist, 233
" Great Expectations, 234
" Pickwick Papers, 235
" Bleak House, 236
" Sketches by Boz, 237
" Nicholas Nickleby, 238
" Christmas Books, 239
" Dombey & Son, 240
" Martin Chuzzlewit, 241
" David Copperfield, 242
" American Notes, 290
" Child's History of England, 291
" Hard Times, 292
" Little Dorrit, 293
" Our Mutual Friend, 294
" Christmas Stories, 414
" Uncommercial Traveller, 536
" Edwin Drood, 725
" Reprinted Pieces, 744

Disraeli's Coningsby, 635

Dixon's Fairy Tales from Arabian Nights, 249

Dodge's Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates, 620

Dostoieffsky's Crime and Punishment, 501
" The House of the Dead, or Prison Life in Siberia, 533
" Letters from the Underworld, etc., 654
" The Idiot, 682
" Poor Folk, and The Gambler, 711
" The Brothers Karamazov, 802, 803

Dowden's Life of R. Browning, 701

Dryden's Dramatic Essays, 568

Dufferin's Letters from High Latitudes, 499

Dumas' The Three Musketeers, 81
" The Black Tulip, 174

Dumas' Twenty Years After, 175
" Marguerite de Valois, 326
" The Count of Monte Cristo, 393, 394
" The Forty-Five, 420
" Chicot the Jester, 421
" Vicomte de Bragelonne, 593-595
" Le Chevalier de Maison Rouge, 614

Duruy's History of France, 737, 738

Edgar's Cressy and Poictiers, 17
" Runnymede and Lincoln Fair, 320
" Heroes of England, 471

Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent, etc., 410

Edwardes' Dictionary of Non-Classical Mythology, 632

Eliot's Adam Bede, 27
" Silas Marner, 121
" Romola, 231
" Mill on the Floss, 325
" Felix Holt, 353
" Scenes of Clerical Life, 468

Elyot's Governour, 227

Emerson's Essays, 12
" Representative Men, 279
" Nature, Conduct of Life, etc., 322
" Society and Solitude, etc., 567
" Poems, 715

Epictetus' Moral Discourses, etc., 404

Erckmann--Chatrian's The Conscript and Waterloo, 354
" Story of a Peasant, 706, 707

Euripides' Plays, 63, 271

Evelyn's Diary, 220, 221

Ewing's (Mrs.) Mrs. Overtheway's Remembrances, and other Stories, 730
" Jackanapes, Daddy Darwin's Dovecot, and The Story of a Short Life,
731

Faraday's Experimental Researches in Electricity, 576

Fielding's Tom Jones, 355, 356
" Joseph Andrews, 467

Finlay's Byzantine Empire, 33
" Greece under the Romans, 185

Fletcher's (Beaumont and) Select Plays, 506

Ford's Gatherings from Spain, 152

Forster's Life of Dickens, 781, 782

Fox's Journal, 754

Fox's Selected Speeches, 759

Franklin's Journey to Polar Sea, 447

Freeman's Old English History for Children, 540

Froissart's Chronicles, 57

Fronde's Short Studies, 13, 705
" Henry VIII., 372-374
" Edward VI., 375
" Mary Tudor, 477
" History of Queen Elizabeth's Reign, 583-587
" Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield, 666

Gait's Annals of the Parish, 427

Galton's Inquiries into Human Faculty, 263

Gaskell's Cranford, 83
" Charlotte Bronte, 318
" Sylvia's Lovers, 524
" Mary Barton, 598
" Cousin Phillis, etc., 615
" North and South, 680

Gatty's Parables from Nature, 158

Geoffrey of Monmouth's Histories of the Kings of Britain, 577

George's Progress and Poverty, 560

Gibbon's Roman Empire, 434-436, 474-476
" Autobiography, 511

Gilfillian's Literary Portraits, 348

Giraldus Cambrensis, 272

Gleig's Life of Wellington, 341
" The Subaltern, 708

Goethe's Faust (Parts I. and II.), 335
" Wilhelm Meister, 599, 600

Gogol's Dead Souls, 726
" Taras Bulba, 740

Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield, 295
" Poems and Plays, 415

Gorki's Through Russia, 741

Gosse's Restoration Plays, 604

Gotthelf's Ulric the Farm Servant, 228

Gray's Poems and Letters, 628

Green's Short History of the English People, 727, 728 The cloth
edition is in 2 vols. or 1 vol. All other editions are in 1 vol.

Grimms' Fairy Tales, 56

Grote's History of Greece, 186-197

Guest's (Lady) Mabinogion, 97

Hahnemann's The Organon of the Rational Art of Healing, 663

Hakluyt's Voyages, 264, 265, 313, 314, 338, 339, 388, 389

Hallam's Constitutional History, 621-623

Hamilton's The Federalist, 519

Harte's Luck of Roaring Camp, 681

Harvey's Circulation of Blood, 262

Hawthorne's Wonder Book, 5
" The Scarlet Letter, 122
" House of Seven Gables, 176
" The Marble Faun, 424
" Twice Told Tales, 531
" Blithedale Romance, 592

Hazlitt's Shakespeare's Characters, 65
" Table Talk, 321
" Lectures, 411
" Spirit of the Age and Lectures on English Poets, 459

Hebbel's Plays, 694

Helps' (Sir Arthur) Life of Columbus, 332

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