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Note (1). The verbs _ando_ and _ito_ are not yet accurately understood.

(2). The verb _ete_ has a double conjugation, the initial _e_ being
retained or omitted at will. The past _elete_ is used in reporting
the words of another person.

(3). The verb _faduatsiete_ is a type of several verbs which end in
_ete_, preceded by the syllable _tsi_. All these appear to lose _tsi_
in the future, although some have both forms.

Ex. _kiovatsiete_, to cry (of black parrot): fut. _kiovatatsi_
and _kiovatsitatsi_.
_puatsiete_, to make a cracking noise: fut. _puatatsi_ and
_puatsiatsi_.

(4). The verb _sue_ in the meaning "go away" always has _ga_.

Ex. _nu ga sua? na ga sua_, are you going away? I am going away.

The verb _angege_, to go, in the past tense has the particle ga
prefixed to the verb instead of suffixed to the pronoun.

Ex. _na nul etsi ganga_, I went to your village.


XII. Notes on Some Verbs.

1. _Tede_ and _i_.

There is a difference in the meaning of the verbs _tede_, (_ete_)
and _i_, both used for "do" or "make." The first is used when the
object by which one obtains the action is indicated, the second is
used when the action only is expressed, and might then be translated
by the phrase "to go to work, to set about."

Ex. _olon'ete_, to snore, make a sound with the _olo_(_ne_ hole,
_i.e._, the nostrils, _ung'ul 'olo. na (melauk') i koitsi_, I shall
do the thing wrong.

2. _Gege, angege, engege, songe._

All of these have the general meaning of "go." Their differences are
not yet clearly understood. _Engege_ appears to mean "go up." _Songe_
is specially employed when the following phrase indicates a final
proposition, or an answer to the questions "Where do you come from?" or
"Where are you going?"

Ex. _nuni o' gega_, thou hast passed down there; _di engo_, let us
go up; _na song' em' aritsi_, I am going to see the village; _nu do
sona_? where have you been? (or, where do you come from?); _na bulitsi
sova_, I have been in the garden (or, I have come from the garden).

3. _Idede_.

This verb has a general meaning besides the special one "to gather."

Ex. _fang' idede_, to set a trap; _di yu molots' idoma_? should we
make a water-pipe?

4. _Ameme_.

This verb has the general meaning of passing, or making anything
pass, through an opening. The object which has the opening does not
take suffixes.

Ex. _kupa ulin' ama_, put the potatoes in the pot; _na ul' olol'
amene_, I passed it through the hole; _iso nu emana? andavete_,
does the smoke irritate you? you are weeping.


Adverbs.

I. Adverbs generally precede the verb which they modify. The exceptions
are the interrogative na? (is it not so?) which always comes at the
end of the sentence, and _-ta_ (at first), which follows the verb.

Ex. _aiti balava natsi_, to-morrow bread I shall eat; _aiti nu inditsi
na_? to-morrow I will give it you, shall I not? _kuku neta_, I eat
the tobacco at first.

Note.--This _ta_ appears to be almost a conjunction, and the phrase
might be translated "when I shall have smoked (eaten) the tobacco."


II. Adverbs of Place.

_do(le)?_ where.
_a(le)_), here.
_va(ie)_, there.
_ombatsi_, underneath.
_gisa(le)_, far.
_ime(li)?_ far.
_kugume_, near.
_tsi_, inside.
_val'enga_, outside.
_tu_, on, over
_ibe(le)_, down there.
_o(me)_, up there.
_yo(le)_, there above.



III. Adverbs of Time.

The adverbs of time are not very definite. For example _audati_,
"to-day, now," means also "in a few days" or "a few days ago." The
latter meaning is also attributed to _arima_, and the former to _aiti_.

_aida_? when?
_vomarima_, day before yesterday.
_arima_, yesterday.
_male(ke)_, formerly.
_malieke)_, formerly.
_audali)_, to-day, now.
_aiti(me)_, to-morrow.
_vomaiti_, day after to-morrow.
_talele_, often, for ever.
_dedi_, just now, later (near).
_ido(ve)_, not yet (with fut.) immediately.
_ulsienga_, later on, in the future.
_utsimata_, later on, in the future.
_utsinenga_, later on, in the future.
_kelavalage_, for a time.
_-ta_, at first.
_vo(ye_, again.


IV. Adverbs of Quantity.

_dovavemunge_? how much? how many?
_domamai_? how much? how many?
_avevemunge_, as much, so much, as many, so many.
_tale(le)_, many.
_apa(le)_, enough.
_kisiaka_, few, little.
_oko_, few, little.
_-ta_, very.
_ande_, very.
_boboi_, entirely, quite.
_gegeto_, few.

Note. When _apa_ is used with a numeral it precedes it. Ex. _apa
gegeto_, two are sufficient.


V. Adverbs of Affirmation, Negation and Interrogation.

_e_, yes.
_akai(ge)_, truly.
_g'akai_, truly.
_me_! what! certainly!
_ila_! I who knows?
_ua(ne)_, not, no.
_na_? is it not (French, n'est ce pas?).
_ouo_! not at all, by no means.
_andal'ai(me)_? why?

Note. _Me_, _ouo_, and _ila_ are almost interjections.


VI. Adverbs of Manner and Likeness.

The adverbs of manner are often replaced by noun suffixes attached
to the verb, with the final _i_. (See Verbal Suffixes, p. 323).

_unoi_, together.
_akaumai(nge)_, further, beyond, besides.
_uneke_, only.
_ende_, also.
_elele_, quickly.
_dedi_, slowly
_fidefide_, continually.
_kela_, without reason, gratis.

Note. When _ende_ modifies a verb with subject in the third person,
it is preceded by the pronoun _ove_. Ex. _nau fud' ov' ende fufuli_,
my bones (they) also ache.



Prepositions and Postpositions.


I. Prepositions.

Only two prepositions are found in Fuyuge. These are _ise_, near,
and _ga_, by.

Ex. _aked' is' okid' ando_, the men are near the fire; _ganda_? _ga
ma_! by what do you swear? by the thread.

Note. _Ga_, in the sense of "by," is much used, and corresponds to
a kind of oath.


II. Postpositions.

1. All the postpositions are used as suffixes to the words which they
govern. When the noun to which they are suffixed has a double form,
the postposition is added to the short form.

Ex. _uli-tsi_ from _uli(ne)_ pot: _fatsi_ from _fa(le)_, ground.

There are however some exceptions.

2. When the postposition begins with a consonant, the final _e_
of a noun changes to _i_.

Ex. _kodigi-tsi_ from _kodige_, plate; _bulitsi_ from _bule_, garden.

3. The postpositions are often used as nouns.

Ex. _balava u tsi ido asi_, the inside of the loaf is still raw.


III. List of Postpositions.

_-ai(me)_, because of, for: _ovol' aim' andavete_, I weep for the pig.

_-a(le)_, with, by (instrumental): _isong' al' oki ya -andal' a? isong'
ale_, take the fire with the tongs--with what? with the tongs; _amul'
al' ul'ese_, the woman with her child; _uli sond' al' ale_, a pot
with a handle.

_-ala_, to, adherent to, along: _yo' ata yarima_, hang it on the
rattan; _enamb' ata malele yatsi_, I will take it along the road.

_-fendateme_, near (within bounds): _Sivu Alo fendatem' ando_, Sivu
is near Alo.

_-noi_, with (?): _yini danoi gatsi_, you will go with us two.

_-ongo_, before, at the side of (with an idea of inferiority):
_na nu ongo ando_, I am before thee (at thy service); _non' ongo_,
one beside the other.

_-enga_, from the side of, towards: _nani Ambov'enga g'anga_, I have
been (gone) towards Ambove.

_-kaine_, towards: _dedi yi kaine tsiati_, later on I will come
towards you.

_teti_, under: _sosoeteti ando_, he is under the bed.

_tsi_, to (movement, and time, rest), at, at the place of (Fr. chez):
_nani etsi andota, u bulitsi g'anga_, I am in the house, he has gone
into the garden; _naga Mambutsil' a tela_, I am come here from Mambo;
_kouatsi ma_, put it in the box; _tutsi etsiati_, he will come in
the night; _nu datsi sona_? who has he been with?

_-tu_, upon (to or at places on mountains): _kulumitu, ma_, put it
on the table; _Falitu g'anga_, he is gone to Faliba.

Note. _Ale_ in the sense of "with" is used when the second substantive
is considered as an accessory to the first. Ex. _an' al amu_, a married
man (man with a wife); _uli sondal' ale_, pot with a handle. There
are not yet enough examples to distinguish the two forms.


IV. Prepositional Phrases.

_u mome_, above: _kurum' u mome yarime_, hang it over the table; _u
bane_, behind; _mel' an' u ban' ando_, the child is behind the man;
_ul' umbo(le)_, in the middle of; _Veke ul' umbol' ando_, he is at Vee.


Conjunctions.


I. Copulative.

_-u(ne)_, and, with; _naga kitoval' u kene' ema_, I killed a black
and white parrot.

_Une_ is generally only used to connect two nouns, and is placed
between the two. But sometimes it comes after the second, especially
when meaning "with," and the first noun is then followed by the
personal pronoun. There are a few doubtful examples of _une_ joining
two phrases: _ake tale mu, Augustin' un' ando_, many men are with
Augustin.


II. Adversative.

_-ta_, yet, but: _nuni safa' ta nani kakava_, you are weak but I
am strong.

_Ta_, meaning "but," precedes the phrase which it governs: _nuni natsi,
ta nani fema_, you will eat, but I do not.


III. Sequence.

_-ta_, when (when a fact is accomplished, or will certainly happen),
lest: _aked' indiota, dinoi gatsi_, when the men arrive, we will
go together.

_Ta_ in this sense follows the verb, which is in the past if the action
depends on the person who speaks or is spoken to, in other cases in
the subjunctive: _kuku neta, etsi gatsi_, when I (or you) have eaten,
I will (or you will) go to the village; _mulamula angetota, gadiu_,
lest the medicine fall, tie it up.

_-tamai_, when (uncertain event): _oki finolitamai, na natatsi_,
when the fire blazes, warn me.

_Tamai_ always requires the subjunctive.

_-mai_, if: _Augusto bubulimai, dimuku e gaditsi_. If Augusto delays,
we ourselves will build the house.

_-umba_, so, like: _an' umba ne i_, give me (one) like that.


Interjections.

_mamu(la)_! admiration.
_ile_! sadness.
_fanimo(le)_, commiseration.
_fanikoe_! commiseration.
_-e_ (suffix), commiseration.
_segoa_! joy at another's misfortune.
_biu_! contempt.
_alaila_! a command for silence.
_faiamela_! expresses the recognition of an error.


Notes on Dependent Clauses.

1. A final proposition with the future is expressed in four ways.

a. By the infinitive preceding the verb which it governs: _na nul'
em' arim' an gatsi_, I will go to see thy village, lit, I thy village
to-see will-go.

b. By the simple future preceded by the verb: _na songe, Tsekari
aritsi_, I go, I shall see Tseka.

c. By the future preceding the verb: _ake Mambutsi itatsi m' ando_,
the men remain to sleep at Mambo.

d. By the suffix _-du(le]: Pe' Egidi yol' itadul andemai, puatsitatsi,_
If Pere Egidi stays to sleep up there, he will fire a gun; _ake Baidane
(gatsi) ame boladu_, the men will go to Baidane to leave the girl;
_muto yetadu, Labao gatsi_; I will go to Yule Is to take the sheep,
(_muto_, Fr. mouton). The use of the verb "to go" is not certain.

2. A dependent sentence with the past is expressed in two ways.

a. By the simple past: _na so, fang' an_, I went to see the trap.

b. By the suffix _-ua_, with the omission of the verb: _Tsekan'
alilua_, I went to see Tseka, which might also be translated: _na sova,
Tsekan' ari_.

3. Causative sentences appear to be governed by the same rules as
the preceding.

Ex. _ame nu arim' undede_, the girl is afraid to see you; _andal'
un' arim' ete_, what has he seen to talk about.

4. Conditional sentences precede the principal and have their verb
in the subjunctive with the conjunction _-mai_ or _-tamai_. (See
p. 330, III.).

5. A dependent sentence expressing time also precedes the principal
sentence. It has its verb in the subjunctive or indicative, followed
by the conjunction _-ta_ or sometimes _-tamai_. (See p. 330, III.).







CHAPTER II

Note on the Afoa Language

By Dr. W. M. Strong

The vocabulary recorded below was obtained from a Fuyuge native who
spoke the Afoa language. He had travelled with me to the Afoa-speaking
villages on Mount Pitsoko and I could assure myself that he spoke the
language fluently. In spite of the vocabulary having been obtained
through a Fuyuge native there is very little similarity between this
and the Fuyuge vocabulary. It should be noted that the words for "I"
and for "thou" are substantially the same in the two languages.

I also obtained a short vocabulary from a native who came down the
coast to me, and found that this was substantially the same as the
Pitsoko vocabulary. The native had come from a village which appeared
to be situated on the slopes of Mount Davidson and on the inland side
of it. According to native accounts the Afoa language is spoken in
numerous villages which stretch from Mount Davidson to the head of
the St. Joseph River in the Mafulu district. All the Afoa villages
are situated north of the St. Joseph and its main branches.

[Dr. Strong gives only the pronoun: _nui,_ thou; and the
numerals: _koane,_ one; _atolowai,_ two; _atolowai-itima,_ three;
_atolowai-atolowai,_ four; _atolowai-atolowai-itima,_ five.

The Pronouns given by Father Egidi for Tauata ("Anthropos," II. 1907,
pp. 1009-1015) are:--


Singular. Plural. Dual.

lst Person, _nai_, _na_. _nanei_, _nane_. _nonei_, _none_.
2nd Person, _nui_, _nu_. _nunei_, _nune_ _nuvei_, _nuve_.
3rd Person, _omei_, _ome_. _otei_, _ote_. _olei_(?).


The Possessives are:--


Singular. Plural. Dual.

lst Person, _ne_, _neve_. _nane_,_nanene_. _none_.

2nd Person, _ni_, _nie_. _nune_. _nuvene_.

3rd Person, _ote_, _otene_. _otene_. _olene_.


The Interrogatives are: _te_? who? _te_? _teile_? what
thing? _te_? _tue_? which?

The Numerals, according to Father Egidi, are, _kone_, one;
_atolo_(_ai_), two; _atoloai-laina_, three; _talele_, _memene_, many;
_konekone_, few.

S. H. R.]






CHAPTER III

Note on the Kovio Language.

By Dr. W. M. Strong.

Substantially the same language is spoken in the whole of the
neighbourhood of Mount Yule. I have travelled all around this
mountain and the same interpreter was able to make himself understood
everywhere. The vocabulary recorded below was collected by means
of the Motuan from a native of Lopiko in the Inava valley. I have
also collected short vocabularies from the village of Inavarene in
the same valley, and from the Kwoifa district of the upper part of
the Lakekamu river. These vocabularies show close similarities with
that of Lopiko. The natives around the Pic Eleia also speak much the
same language.

The vocabulary of the language bears no resemblance to any other
language I am acquainted with. It is peculiar in that a word often ends
in a consonant preceded by a short vowel. There is also an unusual
consonant sound in the language. This sound seems to vary between a
"ch" and a "tch" sound.

The pronouns are as follows;--


First person: _na_.
Second person: _ni_.
Third person: _pi_.


These were obtained without much difficulty as well as the
corresponding possessives _nemai_, _nimai_, and _pimai_; but plurals
could not be obtained. Possibly the above are both singular and
plural. The possessive precedes the noun, _e.g._, _nemai tupumagi_,
my house. [129] A binary system of counting is shown in the following
numerals:--


One: _uniuni_.
Two: _karaala_.
Three: _naralavievi napuevi_.
Four: _naralavievi naralavievi_.
Five: _naralavievi naralavievi napuievi_.
Ten: _kowa_.
Eleven: _kowa uniuni_.
Twelve: _kowa karaala_.
Twenty: _kowakowa_.


Seven, eight, and nine were also translated by saying _naralavievi_
for each two, and _napuevi_ for one over. The numeral follows the noun,
e.g., _inai karaala_, two spears. [130]






CHAPTER IV

A Comparative Vocabulary of the Fuyuge, Afoa, and Kovio Languages

Prepared by Sidney H. Ray, M.A.

[From the MSS. of Rev. Father Egedi, Rev. P.J. Money, and
Dr. W.M. Strong. Words in square brackets from "Antropos," II.,
pp. 1016-1021. _Cf_. Appendix V.]



English: Adze
Mafulu: so(ve)
Kambisa: so(nda)
Korona: itau
Afoa: kealeve
Kovio: labian)ed

English: Ankle
Mafulu: sog' u' kodabe [131]
Kambisa: segikanan [132]
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Areca-nut
Mafulu: kese
Kambisa: kesi
Korona: soroma
Afoa: iluve; [vonuve]
Kovio: koveo; [auliri-koyo]

English: Arm
Mafulu: bodo(le); matange (_shoulder_)
Kambisa: ia; kosa (_shoulder_)
Korona: ya
Afoa: kalab; [kala(pe)]
Kovio: malau; [malao]

English: Armlet
Mafulu: koio(ne) (_cane_); matsi(ne) (_shell_)
Kambisa: ino (_cane_)
Korona: --
Afoa: [torite; litsi]
Kovio: [loria]

English: Arrow
Mafulu: fod' u' komome
Kambisa: --
Korona: fode
Afoa: --
Kovio: [kilelupa]

English: Ashes
Mafulu: foye
Kambisa: hoi
Korona: --
Afoa: enamiro [133]; pita; [sepe]
Kovio: iziuvate; [itekamite]

English: Backbone
Mafulu: bane
Kambisa: bano
Korona: --
Afoa: [momo(pe) (_back_)]
Kovio: --

English: Bad
Mafulu: ko(ye)
Kambisa: --
Korona: ko
Afoa: k=o=ali
Kovio: kep)ip; [amifu]

English: Bag, Basket
Mafulu: anon(ne)
Kambisa: ha(_netted_)
Korona: --
Afoa: [lamui]
Kovio: [lamui]

English: Bamboo
Mafulu: bione; e(re) (_pipe_)
Kambisa: e
Korona: tobo [134]
Afoa: ila; [vioni; ila (_pipe_)]
Kovio: nelele; [pidele; nerele (_pipe_)]

English: Banana
Mafulu: ambe
Kambisa: --
Korona: haba
Afoa: pelai
Kovio: teri; [teli]

English: Barter
Mafulu: davani
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: tvatava [135]
Kovio: --

English: Beard
Mafulu: anama(le)
Kambisa: hanama
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Belly
Mafulu: ombo(le)
Kambisa: hombo (_stomach_)
Korona: obo
Afoa: aniami; [aniame (_abdomen_); kutote (_belly_)]
Kovio: dapoale; [data]

English: Belt (waist string)
Mafulu: ganinge; ganingame (_bark_); tafade (_ratan_)
Kambisa: misu
Korona: --
Afoa: [terite; afafe; teupe]
Kovio: [tabatsio; talakota]

English: Bird
Mafulu: nembe
Kambisa: neba
Korona: nebe
Afoa: kile
Kovio: id)ep; [ite]

English: Bite
Mafulu: angale (_of men_); itede (_of dog_)
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: kanaiva
Kovio: --

English: Black
Mafulu: dube
Kambisa: --
Korona: duba
Afoa: lumatu
Kovio: alolamala; [tumuta].

English: Blood
Mafulu: tana(le)
Kambisa: --
Korona: tana
Afoa: ilive
Kovio: uiau-toro; [ueho].

English: Boat
Mafulu: --
Kambisa: --
Korona: asi [136]
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Body
Mafulu: mule
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: [kotsi(pe)]
Kovio: ulan-utoro ; [koki].

English: Bone
Mafulu: fude
Kambisa: --
Korona: ufudi
Afoa: kemiabi
Kovio: kateleru.

English: Bow, _n_
Mafulu: fode
Kambisa: --
Korona: fode
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Bowels
Mafulu: taride; gige
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: [kimu(ve)]
Kovio: [tsikamaki].

English: Branch
Mafulu: bodo(le); gobe (_young_)
Kambisa: --
Korona: uga
Afoa: ietami
Kovio: litaud

English: Breast
Mafulu: ouba
Kambisa: duda; kononda [137] (_chest_); bononga (_breast-bone_)
Korona: --
Afoa: talate [opipe]
Kovio: apiteu; [apetei (_woman's_)].

English: Bring
Mafulu: yetsia (_up_); yayeitsie (_down_)
Kambisa: --
Korona: neda
Afoa: ainakava
Kovio: [boale?].

English: Bury
Mafulu: mudi
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: alota
Kovio: --

English: Butterfly
Mafulu: keneke
Kambisa: --
Korona: kaneke
Afoa: gotaubi
Kovio: --

English: By an Bye
Mafulu: dedi; ido(ve) (_not yet_)
Kambisa: gadavi
Korona: --
Afoa: [epe (_not yet_)]
Kovio: --

English: Cane
Mafulu: yokome; seene (_ratan_)
Kambisa: ongo
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Charcoal
Mafulu: --
Kambisa: urugum
Korona: orugu
Afoa: (ena)imiti [138]
Kovio: --

English: Cheek
Mafulu: omenge
Kambisa: hanan
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Chest
Mafulu: kavale
Kambisa: kononda
Korona: konode
Afoa: kaluvi
Kovio: lipat; [ulako].

English: Chief
Mafulu: ame(de)
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Child
Mafulu: mele; ese (_son_); ame(le) (_girl_); ayame(le) (_small_)
Kambisa: isa; isoko (_boy_); amuri (_girl_)
Korona: isia
Afoa: lu [lu; pie (_boy_); epi (_girl_)]
Kovio: nekeotoro; [koemala; feimala (_boy_); nalemala; etaofu (_girl_)].

English: Chin
Mafulu: ana
Kambisa: ana
Korona: --
Afoa: [natau(pe)]
Kovio: [akumare].

English: Claw (_of bird_)
Mafulu: fodo(le)
Kambisa: --
Korona: bodo [139]
Afoa: kila karabe
Kovio: --

English: Cloth (_native_)
Mafulu: kogo(ve)
Kambisa: hudo
Korona: --
Afoa: [etape]
Kovio: [tsimika].

English: Cloud
Mafulu: unu(me)
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: ulua; [ponive]
Kovio: unida; [lariatsi].

English: Club
Mafulu: gilise (_pineapple_); gadaibe (_disc_); kongomu (_wood_)
Kambisa: hadufa (_wood_)
Korona: hadoga (_pine-apple_)
Afoa: yetikwi
Kovio: ineri (_stone_)

English: Coconut
Mafulu: fofo(ne)
Kambisa: bao
Korona: fofo
Afoa: --
Kovio: teri.

English: Cold
Mafulu: yuyuma
Kambisa: --
Korona: dudure
Afoa: loola
Kovio: delea; [abatata].

English: Come
Mafulu: tsia
Kambisa: --
Korona: yeterun
Afoa: lai
Kovio: [imaro]

English: Crocodile
Mafulu: fua
Kambisa: --
Korona: fuai
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Cuscus
Mafulu: --
Kambisa: ano [140]
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Darkness
Mafulu: tu(be)
Kambisa: --
Korona: gerenama
Afoa: guviti
Kovio: dubare

English: Daylight
Mafulu: ev' ul' aveve [141]
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Die
Mafulu: usangege
Kambisa: --
Korona: usaga
Afoa: lae-elu; [kelui]
Kovio: [nusuaka]

English: Dig
Mafulu: tsie
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: amatita
Kovio: --

English: Digging-stick
Mafulu: itsive
Kambisa: --
Korona: iti
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Dog
Mafulu: oi(e)
Kambisa: hu
Korona: ho
Afoa: kovela
Kovio: gad)ep; [katefu]

English: Door
Mafulu: akonimbe
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Dress (_man's_)
Mafulu: ganinge
Kambisa: haninga
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Dress (_woman's_)
Mafulu: yangile (_petticoat_); yamba(le)
Kambisa: iambaro
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Drink
Mafulu: nene
Kambisa: --
Korona: eu' naida
Afoa: kwaiana
Kovio: [naro]

English: Ear
Mafulu: yangolo(me)
Kambisa: gadoro
Korona: i
Afoa: kepapi
Kovio: katoli

English: Earring
Mafulu: --
Kambisa: kemang
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: --

English: Earth (ground)
Mafulu: bu(le), fa(le)
Kambisa: hoa
Korona: fa(la)
Afoa: amati
Kovio: kamad; [amatsi]

English: Eat
Mafulu: nene
Kambisa: --
Korona: adako' naida
Afoa: na)nai [142]; [nai]
Kovio: [naro]

English: Egg
Mafulu: ombo(le)
Kambisa: --
Korona: obo
Afoa: kile' mutube
Kovio: nekeo

English: Elbow
Mafulu: bodol'u' kodabe [143]
Kambisa: hukanan [144]
Korona: ya' koba
Afoa: oma' kaluve
Kovio: mala-gagoboro

English: Eye
Mafulu: i(me)
Kambisa: i(ng)
Korona: yago
Afoa: tabe; [va(pe)]
Kovio: ita-kwaru; [itau]

English: Eyebrow
Mafulu: ingob' u' male [145]
Kambisa: ing' ode [146]
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: ita-dunali

English: Eyelash
Mafulu: --
Kambisa: ing' uba
Korona: --
Afoa: --
Kovio: ita-kalam

English: Face
Mafulu: mede
Kambisa: --
Korona: yodoge
Afoa: keuwil [keu(ve)]
Kovio: tara-ata; [kawasata]

English: Far off
Mafulu: gisa(le)
Kambisa: busara
Korona: --
Afoa: ainioari [ainiole]
Kovio: waladekatch; [lulusivelaka]

English: Father
Mafulu: ba(be)
Kambisa: --
Korona: bane
Afoa: ati
Kovio: papai; [fafae; vavafu]

English: Fear
Mafulu: undede
Kambisa: --
Korona: --
Afoa: nu)kela [147]
Kovio: --

English: Feather
Mafulu: ma(le); pame (_of wing_)
Kambisa: wasa (_cassowary plum_)
Korona: --
Afoa: kili' amute
Kovio: atch; [akoatsi]

English: Finger
Mafulu: bodol' u' gobe [148] (_index_); bodol' u' feneme [149] (_middle
and ring_); bodol' u' talave [150] (_little finger_); bodol'
u' mame [151] (_thumb_)
Kambisa: naria (_thumb_)
Korona: yaro' goba [148]
Afoa: lelevai; [kalaopue (_index and ring_); kimataliope (_middle_);
leleva (_little_); amo(te) _thumb_]
Kovio: mala-tiporotch; [obido (_index_); upurau; kaitaita (_middle_);
upurau; gitaguruita (_ring_); itarao; taravalara (_little_);
banoe (_thumb_)]

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