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Various - The New York Times Current History of the European War, Vol 1, Issue 4, January 23, 1915

V >> Various >> The New York Times Current History of the European War, Vol 1, Issue 4, January 23, 1915




Aug. 23--Full text of British "White Paper" published in THE NEW YORK
TIMES.

Aug. 24--First casualty list of expeditionary army includes Earl of
Leven and Melville.

Aug. 25--Kitchener appeals for men; probability of three years' war
discussed.

Aug. 26--Recruiting active; Indian Moslems loyal; members of staffs in
Munich complain of bad treatment by German military authorities; Daily
Chronicle warns against quarrel with United States on contraband
question; army's marching song for this war is "It's a Long Way to
Tipperary."

Aug. 27--Army's pluck lauded by Gen. Joffre; Parliament votes expression
of admiration of Belgians.

Aug. 28--Sir John French's report on activities of troops read in
Parliament; Peeresses sign letter expressing devotion to country.

Aug. 29--Message to Scots Grays from Russian Czar; Lord Roberts says
hundreds of thousands of men will be needed and assails young men who go
on playing games; navy congratulated by Canadian Premier and Sir John
French.

Aug. 30--Lord Kitchener tells of British share in fighting in Belgium
and France and of loss of life, but says troops have been reinforced.

Sept. 1--Government asks United States to care for her interests in
event of war with Turkey; Anglo-American corps being formed in London.

Sept. 3--Many recruits join army.

Sept. 4--Asquith, Balfour, Bonar Law, Churchill, and others speak in
London Guildhall, appealing for volunteers; 700 Ulster volunteers enroll
in one hour.

Sept. 5--Allies sign agreement that none shall make peace without
consent of all; official denial that dumdum bullets were used; London
agreement regarding contraband will be adhered to as far as is
practicable.

Sept. 6--Churchill announces formation of one marine and two naval
brigades.

Sept, 8--Gen. Joffre expresses thanks for army's support; Kitchener's
reply; five thousand recruits in one day; German prisoners held in
concentration camps.

Sept. 9--Government will not consent to peace proposals unless Germany
will acknowledge that Belgium is entitled to redress; troops praised by
Belgians.

Sept. 10--House of Commons votes to add 500,000 men to regular army.

Sept. 12--Permission from Greece to establish naval base at Lemnos;
complete equipment for Territorials lacking.

Sept. 16--John Redmond calls Irish to arms.

Sept. 17--Prize courts established.

Sept. 19--Lloyd George appeals for Welsh recruits.

Sept. 20--Casualty list shows many officers killed or wounded.

Sept. 21--Percentage of officers in casualty lists out of proportion to
number of men.

Sept. 24--Censorship tightened.

Sept. 25--Admiralty publishes report on sinking of three cruisers in
North Sea, saying disabled ships must look after themselves; shortage of
rifles denied in London Spectator; Asquith and Redmond appeal to Ireland
for aid.

Oct. 4--Thousands of Irish enlist.

Oct. 8--Sportsmen's Battalion organized by Mrs. Cunliffe Owen.

Oct. 9--Government will not allow American army and navy officers to
observe operations.

Oct. 11--Loss of officers is a peril.

Oct. 12--Fall of Antwerp aids recruiting; infantry standard lowered to
admit more men; London Morning Post condemns Churchill's attempt to
relieve Antwerp with small naval force.

Oct. 14--Foreign Office denies existence of secret agreement with
Belgium, which Germans charge is shown by documents found in Brussels.


*FRANCE.*

July 24--Government will side with Russia in event of hostilities with
Austria.

July 25--Paris mobs want war; President Poincare and Premier Viviani
absent from France.

July 26--Emergency council of Cabinet held; people see hand of Germany.

July 27--Government agrees to Sir Edward Grey's proposal for conference
to avert conflict; general impression that Germany inspired Austria's
act; President Poincare hurries home; anti-war demonstrations in Paris;
Ambassador tries to enlist Germany's aid for mediation.

July 28--Army moves to frontier; Socialists protest against war.

July 29--Demonstration as Poincare returns from Russia; Cabinet council;
business at standstill in Paris.

July 30--Troops guard railroad.

July 31--Answer to Germany's note about Russia; Government joins with
England in trying to adjust matters between Russia and Austria;
steamship La France taken over in service of Government.

Aug. 1--President Poincare orders mobilization after Germany asks
intention of Government concerning her ultimatum to Russia; Cabinet
council; Delcasse becomes. War Minister; American Ambassador and Consul
will look after German affairs; Government promises to respect Belgian
neutrality unless another power violates it; German Ambassador is
leaving.

Aug. 2--Ambassador Cambon blames Germany for conflict; state of siege
declared in France and Algiers; Socialists patriotic; railway
communication with Germany and Belgium cut off.

Aug. 3--Berlin reports acts of hostility by French; Ambassador leaves
Berlin and German Ambassador leaves Paris; riots in Paris.

Aug. 4--Paris newspapers reduced in size; General Staff prepared for
German moves; Prince Roland Bonaparte offers services; Gen. Joseph
Joffre leaves for frontier; statement by Premier Viviani in Chamber of
Deputies; war measures passed; many Americans want to fight for France.

Aug. 5--War bills voted in Parliament; United States represents Austria
at Paris and France at Vienna; President Poincare's address to nation;
Gen. Pau will command one arm.

Aug. 6--Ambassador embraced by the Czar; Premier Viviani asks women to
gather crops; army under command of Gen. Joffre.

Aug. 8--President Poincare replies to King Albert's message of thanks;
Paris City Council changes name of Rue de Berlin to Rue de Liege.

Aug. 9--Academy salutes Belgians; martial law proclaimed.

Aug. 10--J.G. Demombynes, student, tells how Germans killed French
refugees on frontier; diplomatic relations with Austria broken off;
Government acknowledges receipt of President Wilson's offer of good
offices.

Aug. 13--Dr. Alexis Carrel goes to front as surgeon.

Aug. 17--Garibaldi offers to raise army; Prince Antoine of Orleans wants
to fight for France.

Aug. 18--American volunteer corps raised in Paris; severe military law
enforced; Carthusian monks, who were expelled, return to fight.

Aug. 19--Third reserve army raised; Gen. Joffre in supreme command.

Aug. 20--Government will protest to powers against German atrocities
which it charges.

Aug. 21--Prefects ordered to take note of atrocities; foreign volunteers
mobilize in Paris; service of Anglo-American Rough Riders accepted.

Aug. 22--Government charges Germans with using dumdum bullets; Paris
food prices low.

Aug. 23--Government protests to The Hague against use of dumdum bullets
by Germans; army bulletin praises Belgians; success of Gen. Pau thrills
people.

Aug. 26--Refugees from frontier flock to Paris; American volunteers go
to Rouen to enter training.

Aug. 27--Government presents affidavits to neutral countries that German
officer shot at Red Cross nurses.

Aug. 30--1914 reserves to be called out; Paris stores food; Vice Admiral
de Lapeyrere will command allied forces in Mediterranean.

Sept. 2--Germans accused of setting fire to wood that sheltered St.
Quentin refugees.

Sept. 3--Gen. Gallieni issues proclamation to people of Paris; many
leave city; Government in Bordeaux; Havre guarded.

Sept. 4--Exodus from Paris continues; sanitary precautions taken.

Sept. 5--Schools of Paris closed; Cabinet takes steps to send food to
country districts.

Sept. 6--Gen. Joffre warns troops against premature attacks in mass;
siege awaited calmly; 1915 recruits called out; neutral diplomats want
Ambassador [Transcriber: original 'Ambasador'] Herrick to ask United
States to protest against possible destruction of Paris art treasures;
Germans levy war taxes on captured cities.

Sept. 8--Suggestion to have art works regarded as international property
taken into consideration by President Wilson.

Sept. 9--Decree ordering all men exempt from service because of
ill-health to be reexamined; many regret flight from Paris.

Sept. 10--Gens. Exelmans and Toutee wounded; military authorities warn
Parisians against overconfidence; intrenchments dug.

Sept. 11--President Poincare sends message to President Wilson in answer
to Kaiser's charges on dumdum bullets; Government commandeers all
automobiles; Gen. Joffre and army congratulated by President Poincare.

Sept. 12--Road from Havre to Paris reopened, rail service being resumed;
fresh troops ready in Paris.

Sept. 14--Much booty has been taken from Germans; Senlis laid waste.

Sept. 16--Troops accused of destroying German field hospital and killing
doctors.

Sept. 18--Stricter watch on spies; minors allowed to enlist, with
permission of mothers.

Sept. 19--Suffering in Luneville; statement issued by Washington
Embassy to show that Germany began the war.

Sept. 20--Northern France is being laid waste; Menier chateau raided.

Sept. 21--Foreign Office sends protest to neutrals against bombardment
of Rheims Cathedral; Ambassador Jusserand lays complaint before United
States State Department.

Sept. 22--Loss in officers very heavy; their uniforms may be changed;
refugees return to Paris.

Sept. 23--Germans say they were compelled to bombard Rheims.

Sept. 24--Germans admit aiming one shell at Rheims Cathedral to drive
out observers; refugees advertise in newspapers for relatives.

Sept. 25--Germans again shell Rheims Cathedral; formal complaint of
German atrocities filed at United States State Department; statement by
Ambassador Jusserand.

Sept. 26--Stricter news censorship in Paris; Belgian refugees aid in
gathering grapes at Bordeaux.

Sept. 28--Joffre denies Rheims Cathedral was being used for observatory;
two German spies shot.

Sept. 30--Association of Architects expels German members.

Oct. 2--French soldiers are charged by German Foreign Office with
torturing wounded at Orchies.

Oct. 4--German charges officially denied.

Oct. 6--German prisoners sentenced to die for looting.

Oct. 7--French are charged by Germans with themselves pillaging French
towns, an alleged order of Gen. Joffre being quoted.

Oct. 11--Problem of caring for refugees becomes serious.

Oct. 15--Learned societies plan expulsion of German members.


*GERMANY.*

July 23--Government approves of Austria's course in Servian trouble.

July 25--Berlin mobs want war; Kaiser leaves Norway for Berlin.

July 26--War spirit in Berlin; French believe Government had hand in
trouble, despite explanation of Baron von Schoen; Government wants
Austro-Servian quarrel localized.

July 27--Kaiser returns to Berlin and confers with military officers;
Government was warned of mobilization of entire Russian Army; France
still suspects that Government inspired Austria's note to Servia.

July 28--Socialist anti-war meetings fail.

July 29--Kaiser holds naval council of war and exchanges messages with
the Czar.

July 30--Government calls on Russia to stop mobilization within
twenty-four hours; three questions put to Russia; panic at Saarbrucken;
Cabinet meets at Potsdam; troops massing at Tsing-tau.

July 31--Nation put under martial law; Kaiser makes speech in Berlin;
"nuptials of war" of Prince Oscar and Countess von Bassewitz; Reichstag
summoned; Crown Prince assigned to command.

Aug. 1--Government's inquiry about France's intentions concerning
ultimatum to Russia causes French mobilization; Kaiser signs
mobilization order; Reichstag convoked; war speech by Chancellor;
Government pressed Austria hard for understanding with Russia and tried
to localize war; reserves in China go to Tsing-tau; officials in South
Africa hurry home.

Aug. 2--Russian Ambassador receives passport; ships at sea ordered to
seek neutral port; Minister von Pourtales made demands upon Russian
Foreign Minister three times; Albert Ballin says Kaiser sought peace;
martial law declared in Kiao-Chau.

Aug. 3--Rumor of invasion of Holland, but Minister gives assurance that
neutrality will be respected; United States will protect German
interests in Russia and other countries.

Aug. 4--British envoy leaves Berlin; appeal made to Italy; Reichstag
opens; speeches by Kaiser and by Chancellor, who promises to make
reparation to Luxemburg and Belgium after the war; emergency measures.

Aug. 5--Russian Ambassador and staff assaulted in Berlin; Embassy in St.
Petersburg wrecked; school children sent to garner crops.

Aug. 7--Report that pressure was brought to bear on Italy to secure aid;
Kaiser's proclamation to nation; soldiers march cheerfully to war;
British Embassies stoned in Dresden and Berlin.

Aug. 8--Threat to declare war on Italy; Russian official papers blame
Germany for war; papers says Government is traduced.

Aug. 9--Hermann Wendel, Socialist member of Reichstag, volunteers for
service in the army.

Aug. 10--Men of the Landsturm being mobilized.

Aug. 11--Anti-war riots in Berlin.

Aug. 12--Official hints that Kaiser halted attack on Liege to prevent
further loss of life; attempt on life of Crown Prince at
Aix-la-Chapelle; receipt of President Wilson's offer of good offices
acknowledged.

Aug. 13--Troops in Belgian Luxemburg said to be starving; British,
French, and Belgians charge cruelties by troops.

Aug. 14--Chancellor states Germany's case and calls war a life-and-death
struggle of the German and the Slav; report that Kaiser sent personal
telegrams to Belgian King demanding surrender of Liege forts; aviators
drop pamphlets over Poland urging revolt against Russia.

Aug. 15--Government said to have asked Ambassador Whitlock to repeat to
Belgium offer of increased territory in return for free passage of
troops; belief that acquisition of Russian Poland is sought; many
members of Hohenzollern family in field; French and English signs
removed from shops.

Aug. 16--Prisoners well treated by French; French say officers' corps is
tyrannical and demoralized; Russians accused of cruelty.

Aug. 17--Untrained men called to colors; Paris journal reports prisoners
bitter against Kaiser.

Aug. 18--Chancellor said to have called treaty guaranteeing Belgian
neutrality a "scrap of paper"; E.G. Treat says Kaiser called the Czar an
Asiatic barbarian.

Aug. 19--Speech in Reichstag shows that Socialists are backing
Government.

Aug. 20--Alsatian Deputies escape to France; Kaiser said to be
responsible for attacks on Liege; Government asks United States to
represent her in Far East in event of war with Japan.

Aug. 21--Committee of merchants works to aid trade and addresses
explanation of the war to Americans; French charge German prisoners with
robbing the dead.

Aug. 22--Japanese envoy ordered to leave Berlin; American Ambassador
will look after interests of Japan; dumdum bullets not used by Germans,
it is declared; great mortality of officers attracts attention; England
protests to United States against allowing fuel to be carried to
cruisers at sea.

Aug. 24--Full text of German "White Paper" printed in THE NEW YORK
TIMES; German-Japanese Commercial Treaty will cease to be effective;
statements on Belgium's conduct on battlefield protested against by
Belgian Minister at Washington; Berlin newspapers given to returning
Americans to meet alleged false reports.

Aug. 25--Kaiser decorates two sons and Duke of Wuerttemberg for bravery;
tax levied on Brabant; boys from 16 to 19 years ordered to drill.

Aug. 26--Prince of Saxe-Meiningen killed at Namur; food supply
limitless, says Count von Bernstorff.

Aug. 27--Food prices fixed by Government.

Aug. 28--Emperor orders Ministry to care for fleeing population of East
Prussia; army to be sent from Alsace.

Aug. 29--Force withdrawn from Belgium to meet Russians; name of
Englische Strasse in Berlin changed to Deutsche Strasse; Japanese State
debt seized.

Aug. 31--Fourteen staff officers captives of Allies; many losses have
occurred in charges of massed infantry; Gen. von Stein says there will
be no concession to Belgium; railways again open.

Sept. 1--German officers take charge of mobilization of Turkish Army;
Socialist manifesto assailing the Kaiser.

Sept. 2--Casualty lists show heavy losses; new gun developed by Krupp
hurls powerful shell; wireless reports to Washington Embassy accuse
Russians of atrocities.

Sept. 4--Czar says he will take from Prussia more than Kaiser gets in
Belgium; Namur citizens starving.

Sept. 5--Six hundred Japanese students captured on Dutch frontier; new
official statement puts blame for destruction of Louvain on citizens;
Prince Lichnowsky goes to front; Russian refugees from Germany charge
cruelty.

Sept. 6--Reichstag leaders pledge nation's entire strength.

Sept. 8--Professors in universities will renounce distinctions conferred
upon them by British universities.

Sept. 9--Attempts made to obtain Dutch sympathy; Kaiser sends message to
President Wilson, charging use of dumdum bullets by Allies.

Sept. 10--Experts from Krupp works brought down in aeroplane by
Belgians.

Sept. 11--Prince Engalitcheff charges atrocities on Russian border;
Consular officers leave Egypt; aviators decorated by Kaiser.

Sept. 12--Crown Prince appeals for tobacco for men; many officers and
men decorated.

Sept. 13--Gen. von Boehn's reply to Belgian charges of atrocities in
Aerschot.

Sept. 16--Government notifies China that Germany reserves right to deal
with Chinese Empire as she sees fit because of breach of neutrality;
placard set up in Compiegne asserting sovereignty over territories
occupied.

Sept. 17--Ambassador Gerard reports peace talk with Chancellor, who
suggests that United States ask Allies their terms; heavy losses
reported.

Sept. 18--Prussian Guard Corps said to be wiped out; eight army corps
leave Belgium and France for eastern frontier; Crown Prince appeals for
clothing for soldiers.

Sept. 19--Prince August William receives the Iron Cross; stories of
looting in French towns; fine demanded of Luneville; food problem acute
for army in the west.

Sept. 20--Some States of empire said to resent Prussia's plunging
country into war.

Sept. 21--Dutch traffic along the Rhine halted; soldiers' diaries show
shortage of rations; discontent among Bavarian troops; French find iron
crosses inscribed "1814-1914."

Sept. 22--Troops accused of atrocities in report of Sir John French;
Frenchwoman says artillerymen shelled hospital at Etain.

Sept. 24--Fine of $600,000 exacted from Tournai, Belgium, for death of
one Uhaln.

Sept. 25--General Staff lists prisoners for exchange and admits totals
announced were erroneous; thirty-first casualty list given out.

Sept. 26--Krupp works running night and day.

Sept. 27--Epidemic of typhoid among soldiers.

Sept. 28--Brussels used as intrenched camp; shortage of horses.

Sept. 29--Big Krupp guns being placed on warships; Winter clothing for
army ordered; Rotterdam hears that soldiers are ill from lack of food
because commissariat broke down.

Sept. 30--Krupp guns are dubbed "Busy Berthas"; women give gold
ornaments in exchange for iron rings.

Oct. 4--The King of Bavaria is in command of six army corps in Silesia.

Oct. 5--Losses at Antwerp shown to be heavy.

Oct. 8--Director of Berlin Royal Museum says that works of art brought
into Germany will not be retained.

Oct. 12--Prussia's losses estimated at 211,000; officials guard Antwerp
from plunderers.

Oct. 14--Notice sent to Holland that status of River Scheldt will be
continued as heretofore; rejoicing in Berlin over fall of Antwerp.


*HOLLAND.*

July 30--Government declares neutrality.

July 31--Mobilization of army ordered; Austrian Government steamer
detained for time, but released.

Aug. 2--Country may be flooded to prevent invasion; fear that Germany
may not respect neutrality; bill in Parliament to stabilize food prices.

Aug. 3--Rumor of invasion, but German Minister promises that neutrality
will be respected.

Aug. 5--Reservists in America summoned.

Aug. 6--Neutrality in Anglo-German and Belgo-German wars declared.

Aug. 8--Frontier guarded.

Aug. 9--Uhlans captured and disarmed at Maastricht.

Aug. 10--Queen Wilhelmina suggests formation of committee to aid the
needy.

Aug. 11--Martial law in several provinces.

Aug. 13--Troops massed on frontier; some districts flooded.

Aug. 15--Queen orders Court festivities canceled.

Aug. 16--Paralysis of trade in Rotterdam will render thousands
destitute.

Aug. 18--Everything ready to flood frontier if Germany strikes.

Aug. 20--Food supply causes anxiety; patrols capture German aeroplane.

Aug. 21--Country prepared against invasion; soldiers fire on Zeppelin
using searchlight; declaration of neutrality renewed; bakers making
bread from potatoes; people of Tongres flee from Germans.

Aug. 23--Minister of Industry and Commerce assures England that goods
will not be improperly supplied to Germany.

Aug. 25--Mobilization ceased.

Aug. 29--Southern frontier under martial law.

Sept. 9--Germans want people's sympathy; some places put in state of
siege; rice substituted for wheat flour.

Sept. 15--Artists protest to German Emperor against destruction of
Louvain.

Sept. 26--Martial law on eastern frontier to stop smuggling of goods
into Germany.

Oct. 2--Neutrality is being maintained at great cost; trade is
paralyzed.

Oct. 3--Severe embargo on foodstuffs.

Oct. 7--Amsterdam fixes price of wheat.


*INDIA.*

Aug. 15--Mass meetings in Calcutta and Bombay to voice people's loyalty
to England.

Aug. 26--Moslems still loyal to England.

Aug. 28--Troops will be sent to France.

Sept. 9--Men and money offered to England; message from Viceroy read in
House of Commons.

Sept. 14--German tale of revolution denied; loyalty reported by British
Foreign Office.

Sept. 15--Mussulmans in Russia support declaration of loyalty to
England.

Sept. 21--Aga Khan, leader of Mohammedans, offers to enlist; potentates
eager to serve.

Sept. 24--Preparations for comfort of soldiers being made in England.

Oct. 1--Troops land in France; message to them from King George.

Oct. 2--Great welcome given to troops at Marseilles.


*ITALY.*

July 24--Country will simply safeguard her interests in the Balkans and
on the Adriatic; appeal made to other countries to be conciliatory.

July 25--No disposition to espouse Austria's cause.

July 26--Government looks to England to prevent war.

July 28--Concentration of the first and second naval squadrons ordered
at Gaeta; warships on the Clyde ordered home.

July 31--Government assured that Austria is not seeking more territory.

Aug. 1--Government informs Germany of neutrality and says obligations
under Triple Alliance apply only to defensive war.

Aug. 2--Cabinet ratifies declaration of neutrality; Government orders
all Bourses closed.

Aug. 3--Fleet assembles in Far East; neutrality formally proclaimed, but
reserves are called to colors.

Aug. 5--Report of German ultimatum to Italy; war may be declared on
Austria.

Aug. 6--Ambassador to London justifies attitude of neutrality.

Aug. 7--Germany and Austria bring strong pressure to bear to obtain aid.

Aug. 8--Germany and Austria threaten war; King said to be indignant at
reported offer of colonies in return for aid.

Aug. 13--Alpine passes and northern frontier guarded.

Aug. 14--Government aroused by report that Turkey has purchased two
German cruisers.

Aug. 16--Strong feeling in favor of England.

Aug. 19--Refugees from Germany complain, of outrages.

Aug. 21--Prefects vote against joining with Germany.

Aug. 24--German Ambassador's efforts fail to persuade press to advocate
intervention; Allies are pressing Italy.

Aug. 31--Romans leave cards at Belgian Legation to show sympathy over
Louvain.

Sept. 7--Socialist Reform Party endorses [Transcriber: original
'indorses'] neutrality.

Sept. 13--Populace of Rome cheers for France.

Sept. 14--Radicals favor war; anti-Austrian demonstration in Rome.

Sept. 16--Rioters in large cities demand aid to Allies.

Sept, 20--More than 500,000 men are under arms.

Sept. 21--Damage to Rheims Cathedral arouses sympathy for France;
British Embassy in Rome cheered.

Sept. 22--Thousands offer to enlist in British Army.

Sept. 30--Gabriele d'Annunzio urges country to join Allies.


*JAPAN.*

July 30--Alliance with England may involve Government in war in case of
attack on British warships.

Aug. 1--Navy prepared.

Aug. 2--Emperor summons Council and asks War Minister to report on
condition of army; warships get ready.

Aug. 4--Proclamation prepares people for war on behalf of England.

Aug. 5--Count Okuma says Japan would have liked to join the United
States in mediation offer.

Aug. 7--Warships off Tsing-tau; reserve army officers told to be ready;
navy squadrons organized.

Aug. 11--Army aboard transports.

Aug. 12--Telegraphic communication with Europe interrupted; Ambassador
confers with Russian Foreign Minister.

Aug. 17--Official announcement in London that Japanese operations will
be confined to China Sea and to protection; ultimatum to Germany made
with concurrence of England.

Aug. 18--Count Okuma emphasizes war limitation and England reassures the
United States; ultimatum to Germany was not inspired by England.

Aug. 20--Count Okuma denies that Government has territorial ambitions.

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