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William Hamilton Gibson - Camp Life in the Woods and the Tricks of Trapping and Trap Making

W >> William Hamilton Gibson >> Camp Life in the Woods and the Tricks of Trapping and Trap Making





[Page 283]
AMERICAN FUR SKINS--TABLE OF VALUES.[*]
==========================================================================
| Prime. |Seconds.| Thirds.|Fourths.
--------------------------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------
Badger | $1.00 | $0.50 | $0.10 | $
Bear, Black | 18.00 | 9.00 | 1.00 |
" Cub | 10.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 |
" Brown | 7.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 |
Beaver, California per lb. | 1.25 | 75 | 50 |
" Southern | 1.00 | 75 | 40 |
" Upper Missouri | 1.75 | 1.50 | 50 |
" Lake Supr. and Canada. | 2.50 | 1.75 | 75 |
Cat, Wild | 40 | 10 | |
" House | 15 | 10 | |
Deer, Florida per lb. | 20 | | |
" Missouri | 20 | | |
Elk and Moose per lb. | 35 | 25 | |
Fisher, Southern | 7.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 |
" Eastern and Canada | 10.00 | 8.00 | 2.00 |
Fox, Silver | 100.00 | 25.00 | 1.00 |
" Cross | 3.00 | 1.50 | 1.00 |
" Blue | 15.00 | 5.00 | 1.00 |
" White | 3.00 | 1.50 | |
" Red | 1.75 | 1.00 | 75 | 25
" Gray | 3.00 | 1.50 | 50 | 25
" Kitt | 50 | 25 | |
Lynx, Minnesota | 2.50 | 1.00 | |
" Canada | 4.00 | 2.00 | |
Marten, Dark | 10.00 | 6.00 | 2.00 |
" Small Pale | 2.00 | 1.00 | 50 |
Mink, Southern | 1.00 | 50 | 25 | 10
" Western | 1.25 | 1.00 | 50 | 10
" Middle States | 2.00 | 1.25 | 50 | 10
" Minnesota | 2.50 | 1.50 | 75 | 20
" New England | 3.50 | 1.75 | 1.00 | 20
" Quebec and Halifax | 4.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 20
Muskrat, Southern | 28 | 25 | 15 | 5
" Western | 30 | 28 | 18 | 6
" Northern | 32 | 30 | 20 | 8
" Eastern | 35 | 30 | 22 | 10
Opossum, Ohio | 30 | 20 | 10 |
" Southern | 20 | 10 | |
Otter, Southern | 5.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 50
" Northern | 10.00 | 6.00 | 2.00 | 50
Rabbit | 3 | | |
Raccoon, Southern | 50 | 30 | 15 | 5
" Western | 1.00 | 50 | 20 | 5
" Michigan | 1.25 | 80 | 30 | 5
Seal, Hair | 60 | | |
" Fur | 10.00 | | |
Skunk, Black Cased | 1.00 | 60 | 40 | 10
" Half Stripe | 60 | 50 | 25 | 10
" White | 20 | 10 | |
Wolf, Timber | 3.00 | 1.50 | |
" Prairie | 1.00 | 75 | |
Wolverine | 5.00 | 2.00 | |
==========================================================================

[Footnote *: From the "Hat Cap and Fur Trade Review."]

[Page 284]
Notwithstanding all these advertised prices, the young trapper
often experiences great difficulty in a profitable disposal of his
furs. Like every other business, the fur trade runs in its regular
grooves, and the average furrier will often pay an experienced
professional five dollars for a skin for which he would not offer
a _dollar_ to an amateur. This certainly seems discouraging, but
the knowledge of the fact is calculated to prevent _greater_
discouragement.

We often see fancy prices advertised by fur dealers for first-class
skins; but when the furs are sent, only a few are selected as "_prime_,"
the rest being rejected as worthless, or perhaps meeting with a
meagre offer far below the regular rates. In this way the dealers
have the opportunity of choice selection without incurring any
risk. Many a young trapper has been thus disappointed, and has
seen his small anticipated fortune dwindle down to very small
proportions.

The fur trade is supplied through regular professional channels;
and in giving our advice to the novice, we would recommend as the
most satisfactory and profitable plan that he should make his sales
to some local hunter or trapper, who has had experience with the fur
trade, and who is satisfied to pay a fair price for the various skins
with the probability of selling at an advance, and thus realizing
a profit.

In nearly every trapping locality such men are to be found, and
although the prices earned may be below the market rates, the amateur
takes none of the speculative risks of the business, and should
be willing to take lower prices on this account.


AMERICAN FUR SKINS--THEIR USES AT HOME AND ABROAD.

In the early history of fur apparel, its use was determined by
_climate_; to-day, and especially in this country, it is regulated
by the caprice of _fashion_. The mink for many years took the lead
in the list of fashionable furs, but has of late been superseded
by the introduction of the fur seal. The most choice and costly
of our American furs at the present day is the Silver Fox. When
highly dressed they are worth from 10 to 50 guineas each in the
European market. They are principally bought by the Russians and
Chinese.

The skins of the Red Fox are purchased by the Chinese, Greeks,
Persians, and other Oriental nations. They are made into linings
for robes, etc., and ornamented with the black fur of the paws
which is set on in spots or waves. The fur of the
[Page 285]
Beaver was formerly highly prized in the manufacture of hats and
yielded a large portion of the profits of the Fur Companies,
constituting the largest item in value among furs. Cheaper materials
have since been substituted in making hats, and the demand for
this purpose has been greatly reduced. By a new process the skin
is now prepared as a handsome fur for collars and gauntlets, and
its fine silky wool has been successfully woven. The soft, white
fur from the belly of the animal, is largely used in France for
bonnets.

Raccoon skins are the great staple for Russia and Germany, where,
on account of their durability and cheapness, they are in demand
for linings for coats, etc. Among the Bear skins, those of the
black and grizzly are extensively used for military caps, housings,
holsters, sleigh robes, etc.

The fur of the Lynx is soft, warm and light, and is commonly dyed
of a beautiful shining black. It is used for the facings and linings
of cloaks, chiefly in America.

The Fisher yields a dark and full fur which is largely used in
fashionable winter apparel.

The skin of the Marten, is richly dyed and utilized in choice furs
and trimmings.

The Mink, like the two foregoing, belongs to the same genus as
the Russian Sable, and its fur so much resembles the latter as to
be sometimes mistaken for it. It is one of fashion's furs, and the
hair of the tail is sometimes used in the manufacture of artist's
pencils.

The Muskrat produces the fur most worn by the masses, and is largely
exported into Germany, France and England. It is estimated that
over six millions of muskrat skins are annually taken in America,
and of that number one-half are used in Germany alone.

The skin of the Otter is at present classed among the leading
fashionable furs in this country. They are dyed of a deep purplish
black color, and are made into sacques, muffs, etc. It is also
used by the Russians, Greeks and Chinese. It is mostly an American
product, but is also procured to some extent in the British Isles
from a smaller variety of the species.

The skins of the Wolf are chiefly used for sleigh robes and such
purposes. The fur of the Rabbit is mainly employed in the manufacture
of felt, and is also utilized for lining and trimming. The business
of breeding rabbits for their fur has been introduced into the
United States, and large numbers have been successfully raised in
Danbury, Conn., for felting purposes connected with the manufacture
of hats.

[Page 286]
The fur of the Wolverine or Glutton, finds a market for the most
part in Germany, where it is used for trimmings and cloak linings.

The Skunk furnishes the fur known as Alaska Sable, which forms
one of our staple pelts, many thousands being annually exported
to Poland and the adjacent provinces.

The Badger yields a valuable and fashionable fur, which is also
extensively used in the manufacture of artist's brushes; a good
"badger blender" forming a valuable accessory to a painter's outfit.
Shaving brushes by the thousand are annually made from the variegated
hair of the badger.

The Opossum yields a fur in very common use among the masses, and
the skins of the domestic Cat are utilized to a considerable extent
in the manufacture of robes, mats, etc. The fur of the Puma and Wild
Cat are also employed in this form, and may often be seen handsomely
mounted and hanging on the backs of sleighs on our fashionable
thoroughfares. Among the small game the skins of Squirrels are used
for linings, and the soft, velvety fur of the Mole is manufactured
into light robes, and very fine hats, and in theatrical paraphernalia
is sometimes employed for artificial eyebrows.

Full descriptions of the color of the various furs will be found
in our lengthy illustrated chapter on our American animals.

[Illustration: THE END.]




[Page 289]
[Illustration: INDEX]

A

Adirondack experiences with mosquitoes, 256.
Advice to the Novice on the sale of Furs, 283.
Air-tight Jar, for butter, &c., 236.
Alaska Sable, 286.--See also Skunk.
Alcohol, its use and abuse, 257.
Alum--used in waterproofing, 249.
"Amateur Trapping," 225.
AMBER, OIL OF, used in the art of Trapping, 152.
AMERICAN FUR SKINS.--Table of values, 284.
Their uses at Home and Abroad, 284.
American Lion.--See Puma.
Amputation, self inflicted, as a means of escape with captured
animals, 144.
To prevent, 144, 145.
Ancient uses of Furs, 278.
ANISE, OIL OF.--
Its use in the art of trapping, 152.
As bait for fish, 240.
Annual yield of Furs throughout the world, 281.
Apparatus for stretching skins, 273.
Arrows, poisoned, 26.
Arrow Traps, 23, 25.
Artificial Eyebrows of Mole Fur, 286.
ART OF TRAPPING, 148.
ASSAFOETIDA.--
Its use by the Trapper, 151.
As scent bait for fish, 240.
ASTOR, JOHN JACOB, and the Fur Trade, 281.
Astringent Preparations, use of, in drying Skins, 273, 276.

B

BADGER, THE,--
Nature and habits of, 175.
Skinning the, 177.
Trapping the, 175.
Uses of Fur, 286.
Value of Fur, 284.
Bags, Waterproof, for food, 236.
Baiting the Steel Trap, 143.
Baits for fishing, 240.
Baits, scent, 149.
Bait, Trapping without, 148.
BARK SHANTY.--
Hints on, 266.
Details of construction, 245.
Bark-Stone.--See Castoreum.
Bark-Stone composition.--See Castoreum.
"Barque."--See Birch Bark Canoe.
Barrel Hoops used in canoe building, 264.
BARREL TRAPS, 125, 127, 133.
Basket for the shoulders, 234, 236.
Basswood-bark canoes, 264.
Bateaux, 264.
BAT FOWLING NET, 70.
Baking, recipe for, 253.
Bay Lynx.--See Wild Cat.
Beans as food, 235.
BEAR.--
Nature and habits of, 168, 227.
Trapping the, 168.
Traps for, 17, 29, 143.
Various species of, 168.
Directions for removing skin, 172.
Use of skin, 285.
Value of skin, 284.
"Bear Tamer," 137, 142.
"Bear Chasing," dangers of the sport, 170.
[Page 290]
Bear Grease, 171.
Bear Meat, to roast, 233.
" " to dry, 237.
BEAVER.--
Nature and habits of, 177.
Trapping the, 177.
Skinning the, 182.
Skin, to tan, 277.
Use of fur, 285.
Value of skin, 284.
BEDS AND BEDDING, 248.
Bed, spring, 248.
" hammock, swinging, 249.
Bed clothes, 249.
BIG HORN, the, 220.
As food, 220, 238.
Nature and habits of, 220.
Trapping the, 220.
BIRCH BARK CANOE, remarks on, 226.
Directions for making, 261.
Bird-Catching Net, 70.
BIRD LIME, 97.
Masticated Wheat used as, 99.
Recipe for making, 98.
Used in capture of Puma, 35.
Used for capture of Humming Bird, 99.
Used in making Fly-paper, 136.
Used with an Owl as decoy, 98.
With paper cone, as a Crow trap, 96.
BIRD TRAPS, 65.
" Box, 88, 90. 91.
BIRD WHISTLE, 72.
BISON.--See Buffalo.
Black Fly.--See "Punkey."
Blanket, woollen, 250.
Rubber, 236.
Use of, 250.
Block-tin, used for kettles, &c., 235.
Blossom, utilized as a trap, 99.
Blow-gun, used in the capture of Humming Bird, 99.
BOARD FLAP, the, 130.
BOARD STRETCHERS, 273.
BOATS, remarks on, 226.
Manufacture of, 259.
The dug-out, or log canoe, 259.
The birch-bark canoe, 261.
The bateau, 264.
The scow, 267.
The flat-bottomed boat, 267.
Boiled Mush, 232.
" to fry, 232.
Boiling water used in bending wood, 268, 272.
Book I. TRAPS FOR LARGE GAME, 17.
II. SNARES OR NOOSE TRAPS, 39.
III. TRAPS FOR FEATHERED GAME, 65.
IV. MISCELLANEOUS TRAPS, 103.
V. HOUSEHOLD TRAPS, 125.
VI. STEEL TRAPS AND THE ART OF TRAPPING, 137.
VII. THE CAMPAIGN, 225.
VIII. THE TRAPPER'S MISCELLANY, 255.
Boots, hints on, 228.
Grease for, 228.
Bottle Lantern, 241.
" Match Safe, 234.
BOW STRETCHER, for skins, 274.
BOW Traps, 23, 25, 116.
BOWL TRAPS, 135, 136.
Box Bird Traps, 55, 88, 90, 91.
BOX DEAD FALL, 128.
Box Hut, used in Pickerel fishing, 241.
BOW OWL TRAP, 88.
BOX PIT-FALL, 131.
BOX SNARES, 55, 56.
BOX TRAP, the, 103.
Two modes of setting, 105.
Box Traps, 55, 56, 88, 90, 91, 103, 106, 109, 110.
BOX TRAP, pendent, 91.
Brandy on a trapping campaign, 257.
Brass wire nooses, 41.
Brick Trap, 66.
Broiling, recipes for, 233.
Brook Trout, fishing through the ice, 240.
" To cook deliciously, 232.
Bruises, ointment for, 255.
Buckskin gloves, in handling traps, 149.
Building the camp fire, 233.
Buffalo, the, 220.
As food, 221, 238,
How hunted and trapped, 221.
Building boats, 259.
Butternut log, for canoe, 239.
Butter, to keep on a campaign, 236.

C

Cage traps for birds, 76.
" " mice, 134.
Call Birds, how used, 72.
CAMPAIGN LIFE IN THE WILDERNESS, 225.
CAMPAIGN, PLAN OF, 225.
Camp fire, 228.
To build, 233.
Camp Kettle, 235.
" Knife, 235.
" Stove, 228, 235.
Canada Grouse, 238.
" Lynx.--See Lynx.
" Moose.--See Moose.
Candles, in camp, 227.
" Novel way of using, 218.
[Page 291]
Canned vegetables, 236.
CANOES, remarks on, 226.
" Basswood-bark, 264.
" Birch-bark, directions for building, 261.
" Hemlock bark, 264.
" Log.--See Dug-out.
" Spruce bark, 264.
Canton flannel bags, for bed clothes, 249.
Canvass-back Duck, as food, 239.
Canvas bags, waterproof, 236.
Caps, percussion, used in lighting fire, 234.
CAPTURE OF ANIMALS, 154.
CARPETING TENTS, 250.
CASTOREUM, or Barkstone, 150.
How obtained, 150.
How used.--See Beaver.
CASTOREUM COMPOSITION, 150.
Cat, domestic, use of skin, 286.
Value of skin, 284.
Cat, wild.--See Wild Cat.
Caulking boats, 261, 266.
Caution in baiting steel traps, 113.
Caution in handling steel traps, 149.
Chill, remedy for, 257.
Chimney-fire in log shanty, 245.
Chip as a plate, 232.
Chip, for a frying pan, 230, 232.
Chloride of Lime, as an antidote, 152.
Choosing a trapping ground, 225.
Cicely, Sweet, as scent bait in fishing, 240.
Cities built up by the fur trade, 281.
CLAP NET, 72.
Clearing tents and shanties from insects, 230.
Climate and fur apparel, 284.
CLOG, THE, 146.
Cloth for tent making, 247.
" Waterproof preparation for, 247.
Clothing, hints on, 228.
Coasting on the Indian sled, 270.
Cock of the plains, 238.
Coffee, 236.
Coffee-pot, 235.
Cold, remedy for, 257.
Combination camp-knife, 235.
COMMON BOX TRAP, 103.
Compass, pocket, 227.
Compound scent-bait, 150, 153.
Concealing steel traps, 229.
Cone of paper as a trap, 96.
Corrall, African trap, 34.
COOKING UTENSILS FOR A CAMPAIGN, 230, 235.
Coon.--See Raccoon.
COOP TRAP, 67.
" For large game, 33.
Cotton drilling, used for making tents, 247.
" Waterproof preparation for, 247.
"Cotton Tail."--See Rabbit.
Cougar.--See Puma.
Cow's udder, as fish bait, 240.
Crackers as food, 236.
Crow trap, 96.
CUMMIN, used in trapping, 152.
Cup, portable, 231.
CURING SKINS, 272.
Current price list of American furs, 284.

D

Dark lantern, used by bird catchers, 71.
Deer hunters, 217.
DEAD-FALLS, 17, 29, 107, 111, 113.
" Box, 128.
" For large game, 17.
" How set for the fox, 113.
" Stone, 29.
" Weighted harpoon, 26.
" With figure four trap, 114.
Dead fish, valuable in making trails, 153.
Decoys, 72, 76, 94.
Decoy traps, 72, 76, 94.
" Whistle, 74.
" Owl used as, 98.
DEER, 124.
As food, 233, 237, 238.
How to skin the, 219.
Hunting at night, 217, 218.
Luminosity of eyes at night, 217, 218.
Natural characteristics of, 214.
Salt as bait for, 218.
Season for hunting, 218.
Trapping the, 214, 215.
Various modes of hunting, 217.
Various species of, 215.
Deer lick, the, 215.
Deer meat, to dry, 237.
Deer meat, to roast, 233.
Delmonico outdone, 232.
Detecting the direction of the wind by the finger, 217.
Devices used in connection with the steel trap, 144, 147.
Devils' Lantern, 241.
Diet of the Trapper, 230.
"DOUBLE ENDER," the, 109.
Double traps, 57, 109, 110, 129.
DOWN FALL, the, 26.
Dressing for fur skins, 273, 276.
Dressing for leather, 228.
Dressing skins for market, 272.
" Home use, 276.
Dried fish, 237.
Dried venison, 237.
Drilling, as tent material, 247.
" Waterproof preparation for, 247.
[Page 292]
Drinking cup, portable, 231.
Drying skins, 272, 273, 276.
Ducks, various species of, 239.
As food, 239.
To cook deliciously, 233.
DUCK TRAPS, 94, 95.
"DUG-OUT," THE, hints on, 226.
Detailed directions for making, 259.

E

Eels, oil prepared from, 151.
Elk.--See Moose.
"Ephraim."--See Bear.
Escaping from the mosquitoes, 255.
Exports of furs, 281, 285.
Extemporized frying pan, 232.
"Toaster," 233.
Extract of beef, Liebig's, 236.
Extravagance in fur apparel, 279.

F

False bottom traps, 127, 131, 133.
Fashion and fur, 279, 283, 285.
FEATHERED GAME, TRAPS FOR, 65.
Felt, use of rabbit-fur in making, 286.
FENNEL, OIL OF, used in trapping, 152.
FENUGREEK, OIL OF, used in trapping, 152.
FIGURE FOUR SNARE, 61.
FIGURE FOUR TRAP, 107.
" Used with Dead-Fall, 114.
Finger, as a weather vane, 217.
Fire, to build, 227.
" To light without matches, 234.
" With powder and cap, 234.
" Without "anything," 235.
Fire arms, 227.
" Oil for, 227.
Fire bottle, 241.
Fire Hat for night hunting, 218.
Fire-proof preparations for tents, 247.
Fish, to bake, 232.
To dry, 237.
To fry, 233.
FISHER MARTEN.--
How to trap the animal, 194.
Its nature and habits, 194.
Its common mode of release from capture, 144.
Method of skinning, 195.
Use of skin, 285.
Value of skin, 284.
FISH-HOOK, trap for ducks, 95.
Fishing, hints on, 239.
At night, 239.
Through the ice, 240.
Various baits, 240.
With tip-up. 240.
For pickerel, 240.
Fishing tackle, 227, 240, 241.
Fish lantern, 241.
FISH OIL, used in the art of trapping, 151.
How obtained, 151.
Fish, scent baits for, 240.
Spearing, 239.
Fish traps, 120, 241.
Flat bottomed boats, 264, 267.
Flat bottomed sled.--See Toboggan
Flat stone, as a frying pan, 232.
Flower, converted into a trap, 99.
Fly, black.--See "Punkey."
FLY-PAPER, to make, 136.
Fly Tent, the, 246.
Fly traps, 136.
Food, portable, 230.
FOOD AND COOKING UTENSILS, 230.
"FOOLS' CAP" TRAP FOR CROWS, 96.
Forks, 235.
Fortunes founded on peltry, 281.
FOWLING NET, the, 70.
Fox.--
Nature and habits of, 154.
Trapping the, 154.
Trapped by a dead-fall, 111, 113.
Varieties of, 154.
Directions for skinning, 158.--See also Red and Silver Fox.
"Fox fire," used in capture of deer, 218.
Fritters, pork, to cook, 231.
Frying pan, 231, 235.
" An extemporized, 232.
Fur Market, eccentricities of, 283.
Furs, ancient uses of, 278.
Annual yield throughout the world, 281.
Furs, best season for, 147.
"Home," 281.
Sale of, by Hudson's Bay Company, 281.
"Shipping," 281.
Table of market values, 282.
Fur skins, to cure for market, 272.
To tan, 276.
Hints on selling for profit, 283.
Various uses of, 285.
FUR TRADE, OBSERVATIONS ON, 278.
Immensity of, 281.

G

Game, protected from wolves, 237.
GAROTTE TRAP, 114.
Gloves to be used in trapping, 149.
Glutton.--See Wolverine.
[Page 293]
Gnats, 230, 256.
Painful effects of their bites, 256.
Remedies for their bites, 255.
Driven away by the "Smudge," 230.
Gnat, black.--See "Punkey."
Goose trap, 75.
GOPHER.--
Nature and habits of, 205.
Trapping the, 205.
Traps for, 119, 120, 40.
Directions for skinning, 206.
Grappling iron, the, 146.
Grease for boots and shoes, 228.
"Great Bear Tamer," the, 142.
GRIZZLY BEAR.--
Nature and habits of, 169.
Trapping the, 169.
Traps for, 17, 142.
Use of fur, 285.
Ground plan of trapping lines, 228.
Ground, selection for trapping, 225,
GROUND SNARES, 44.
Grouse, as food, 233, 238.
Bait for, 42.
Oil of, for fire arms, 227.
Peculiarities of, 42.
Snares for, 39.
To cook deliciously, 233.
Various species of, 238.
GUN TRAP, 20.

H

Hair Nooses, 41.
Half tent, 246.
Hammocks, 250,
Hammock bed, 249.
Handling steel traps, caution in, 149.
Hanging bed, 249.
Hare.--See Rabbit.
HARPOON TRAP of Africa, 26.
Hat Brim, portable, 258.
Netting attachment for, 258.
Hat lantern for night hunting, 218.
Hawk snare, 43.
HAWK TRAP, 93.
Head lantern used in deer hunting, 218.
HEAD NET, 257.
HEDGE NOOSES, 41.
Hemlock bark canoes, 264.
Hemlock boughs, as bedding, 250.
Hemp, used in caulking boats, 261, 266.
"Hiding" steel traps, 229.
High top boots, 228.
Hints on baiting the steel trap, 143.
Hints on selection of trapping ground, 225.
Hints on skinning animals, 272.
Hints on trapping, 148.
Hints on plans of trapping lines, 228.
Hints on sale of furs, 283.
Hippopotamus trap, 26.
Historical items relating to furs and the fur trade, 278.
Hoe cake, to cook, 232.
Hogs carried off by bears, 170.
Hog's liver used as fish bait, 240.
"Home Furs," 281.
HOME-MADE BOAT, 264.
Honey as bait, 19, 31, 170.
Hook trap for ducks, 95.
Hopo, African trap, 34.
Hoop nooses, 40.
HOOP STRETCHER for skins, 275.
Horse hair nooses, to make, 41.
Hot drink for chills, 257.
HOUSEHOLD TRAPS, 125.
House Tent, 247.
How to select a steel trap, 138.
HOW TO TRAP, 153.
Hudson Bay Company, origin of, 280.
Sales of, 281, 282.
Humming bird, killed by concussion, 99.
" Snare, 99.
" Trap, 99.
" Various modes of capture, 99.
Hunting the deer, 217.
Hunting from trees, 218.
HUT, LOG.--See Log Shanty.

I

Implements required on a trapping campaign, 227.
Improved springle, 60.
INDIAN CANOE.--See BIRCH BARK CANOE.
Indian meal, as food, 231.
INDIAN SLEDGE.--See Toboggan.
INDIAN SNOW SHOE, 268.
India-rubber blanket, 236.
How used, 250.
INSECT OINTMENTS, 255.
Insect bites, remedies for, 255.
" Sores resulting from, 257.
Insects, to drive out from tent or shanty, 230, 256.
Intemperance, 257.

J

Jack knife, a valuable tool, 227. Jar, as a trap, 135.
[Page 294]
Jar, air-tight, for butter, 236.
"Jerked Venison," 231.
JOHN JACOB ASTOR, and the fur trade, 281.
Johnny cake, to cook, 232.

K

Kettle, camp, 235.
Knapsack, 234.
Directions for making, 236.
Knife, a necessary implement, 227.
Knife, the combination camp, 235.
Knives, table, 235.

L

Lake trout, fishing for, 240.
To cook deliciously, 232.
Lantern for the head, used by deer hunters, 218.
Lantern used by bird catchers, 71.
Lantern trap for fish, 241.
Large game, traps for, 17.
LAVENDER, used in the art of trapping, 152.
Leather preservative, 228.
"Le Chat."--See Lynx.
Lemonade, 236.
Lens, to light fire with, 234.
Lever for setting large steel traps, 142.
Liebig's extract of beef, 236.
Light, the trapper's, 227.
Light for the head in night hunting, 218.
Light home-made boat, 264.
Lime, chloride of, as a disinfectant, 152.
Liniment for wounds and bruises, 255.
" Insect bites, 255.
Linseed oil, used as bird lime, 98.
Lion, American.--See Puma.
LIST OF PRICES OF AMBRICAN FURS, 284.
Liver, as fish bait, 240.
LOG CABIN.--See Log Shanty.
Log Canoe.--See Dug-Out.
LOG COOP TRAP, 33.
LOG SHANTY, hints on, 226, 229.
Detailed directions for building, 244.
Site for building, 244, 287.
To clear of gnats and mosquitoes, 230.
Lucifer Matches.--See Matches.
"Luxuries," 234.
LYNX, THE CANADIAN, 164.
Natural characteristics of, 164.
Trapping the, 164.
Traps for, 17, 20, 23, 29, 33, 35, 141.
LYNX.--
Directions for skinning, 166.
Use of skin, 285.
Value of skin, 284.

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